Mahatma Gandhi - 100 important events - a timeline

Mahatma Gandhi's life - 100 Important Events

1	1869	Born at Porbandar, Kathiawad, Father: Karamchand Mother: Putlibai
2	1876	Primary schooling in Rajkot
3	1881	Started high school in Rajkot
4	1883	Married to Kasturba
5	1887	Passed matriculation examination at Ahmedabad and entered Samaldas College, Bhavnagar, Kathiawad
6	1891	Sailed from Bombay for England to study law
7	1891	Returned to India after being called to bar. Began practice of law in Bombay and Rajkot
8	1893	Sailed for South Africa to become lawyer for an Indian firm
9	1893	Faced color discrimination / apartheid
10	1894	Drafted first petition sent by the Indians to a South African legislature
11	1894	Organised Natal Indian Congress
12	1896	Returned to India for six months to bring back his wife and two children to Natal
13	1896	Reached South Africa with family. Was mobbed when he disembarked at Durban for his writings about South Africa when he was in India
14	1899	Organised Indian Ambulance Corps for British in Boer War
15	1901	Moved back to India. Promised to return to South Africa if Indian community needed his services again
16	1901–1902	Attended Indian National Congress meeting in Calcutta, and opened law office in Bombay
17	1902	Returned to South Africa after urgent request from Indian community
18	1903	Opened law office in Johannesburg
19	1904	Established  Indian Opinion, a weekly
20	1904	Organised Phoenix Settlement near Durban, after reading Ruskin's Unto This Last
21	1906	Organised Indian Ambulance Corps for Zulu "Rebellion"
22	1906	Took vow of continence for life
23	1906	First satyagraha campaign in Johannesburg in protest against proposed Asiatic ordinance directed against Indian immigrants in Transvaal
24	1906	Sailed for England to present Indians’ case to Colonial Secretary
25	1907	Organised satyagraha against Compulsory Registration of Asians ("The Black Act")
26	1908	Stood trial for instigating satyagraha and was sentenced to two months' imprisonment in Johannesburg jail (his first imprisonment)
27	1908	Summoned to consult General Smuts at Pretoria; compromise reached; was released from jail
28	1908	Attacked and wounded by Indian extremist, Mir Alam, for reaching settlement with Smuts
29	1908	Second satyagraha campaign began with bonfire of registration certificates after Smuts broke agreement
30	1908	Arrested for not having certificate, and sentenced to two months' imprisonment in Volksrust jail
31	1909	Sentenced to three months’ imprisonment in Volksrust and Pretoria jails
32	1909	Sailed for England again to present Indians' case
33	1909	Returned to South Africa, wrote 'Hind Swaraj' on the way
34	1910	Established Tolstoy Farm near Johannesburg
35	1913	Helped campaign against nullification of marriages not conducted as per Christian rites
36	1913	Third satyagraha campaign begun by leading "great march" of 2,000 Indian miners from Newcastle across Transvaal border in Natal
37	1913	Arrested three times in four days  (at Palmford, Standerton, and Teakworth) and sentenced at Dundee to nine months' imprisonment; tried at Volksrust in second trial and sentenced to three months' imprisonment with his European co-workers, Polak and Kallenbach.
38	1913	Released unconditionally in expectation of a compromise settlement, C.F. Andrews and W.W. Pearson having been sent by Indians in India to negotiate
39	1914	Underwent fourteen days' fast for moral lapse of members of Phoenix Settlement
40	1914	Satyagraha campaign suspended, with pending agreement between Smuts, C.F. Andrews, and Gandhi, and with ultimate passage of Indian Relief Act
41	1914	Left South Africa
42	1914	Organised Indian Ambulance Corps in England
43	1915	Established Satyagraha Ashram at Kochrab, near Ahmedabad, and soon admitted an untouchable family. The ashram was moved in 1917 to a new site on Sabarmati River
44	1916	Gave speech at opening of Hindu University at Benares
45	1917	Led successful satyagraha campaign for rights of peasants on indigo plantations in Champaran. Defied an order to leave the area , was arrest at Motihari and tried, but case was withdrawn. Mahadev Desai joined him at Champaran
46	1918	Led strike of mill workers at Ahmedabad. Mill owner agreed to arbitration after his three-day fast (his first fast in India)
47	1918	Led satyagraha campaign for peasants in Kheda
48	1918	Attended Viceroy's War Conference  at Delhi and agreed for recruitment of Indians for World War I
49	1919	Rowlatt Act (perpetuating withdrawal of civil liberties for seditious crimes) passed, and first all-India satyagraha campaign conceived
50	1919	Organised "nation-wide hartal" against Rowlatt Act
51	1919	Arrested at Kosi near Delhi on way to Punjab and escorted back to Bombay, but never tried
52	1919	Fasted at Sabarmati for three days in penitence for violence and suspended satyagraha campaign, which he called a “Himalayan miscalculation" because people were not disciplined enough
53	1919	Became the editor of English weekly, Young India, and Gujarati weekly, Navajivan
54	1920	Elected president of All-India Home Rule League
55	1920	Successfully urged resolution for  a satyagraha campaign of non-cooperation at Muslim Conference at Allahabad and at Congress sessions at Calcutta and Nagpur
56	1920	Gave up Kaisar-i-Hind medal. Second all-India satyagraha campaign started
57	1921	Presided at bonfire of foreign cloth in Bombay.
58	1921	Resolved to wear only a loin-cloth in devotion to Khadi and simplicity
59	1921	Fasted at Bombay for five days because of communal rioting following visit of Prince of Wales
60	1921	Mass Civil Disobedience. Gandhi invested with "sole executive authority" on behalf of Congress.
61	1922	Civil disobedience movement is suspended following violence at Chauri Chaura and undertook five-day fast of penance at Bardoli
62	1922	Arrested at Sabarmati in charge of sedition in Young India. Pleaded guilty at the "great trial" in Ahmedabad. Sentenced to six years' imprisonment in Yeravda jail
63	1923	Wrote Satyagraha in South Africa and part of his autobiography in prison
64	1924	Was operated on for appendicitis and unconditionally released from prison
65	1924	Began 21-day "great fast" at Mohammed Ali's home near Delhi as penance for communal riots between Hindus andMuslims, especially at Kohat
66	1924	Presided over Congress session at Belgaum as president
67	1925	Announced one-year political silence and immobility at Congress session at Cawnpore (Kanpur)
68	1928	Moved compromise resolution at Congress session at Calcutta, calling for complete independence within one year, or else the beginning of another all-Indian satyagraha campaign
69	1929	Congress session at Lahore declared 'complete independence' and a boycott of the legislature and declared January 26 as National Independence Day
70	1930	Set out from Sabamarti with 79 volunteers on historic salt march 200 miles to sea at Dandi
71	1930	Broke salt law by picking salt up at seashore
72	1931	Gandhi-Irwin (Viceroy) Pact signed, Civil Disobedience ended
73	1931	Attended the second Round Table Conference. Resided at Kingsley Hall in London slums, broadcast to America, visited universities, met celebrities
74	1931	Traveled to Switzerland, met Romain Rolland, met Mussolini in Italy
75	1932	Arrested in Bombay with Sardar Patel and detained without trial at Yeravda prison
76	1932	Began "perpetual fast unto death" while in prison in protest of British action giving separate electorates to untouchables
77	1932	Concluded "epic fast” with historic cell scene in presence of Tagore after British accepted "Poona Pact"
78	1933	Began weekly publication of Harijan in place of Young India
79	1933	Sentenced to one year's imprisonment at Yeravda. Started a fast against refusal of permission to work against untouchability while in prison; taken to hospital on the fifth day a, unconditionally released on eighth day
80	1933	Began ten-month tour of every province in India to help end untouchability
81	1933	Kasturba arrested and imprisoned for sixth time in two years
82	1934	Fasted at Wardha ashram for seven days against intolerance of opponents of the movement against untouchability
83	1934	Launched All-India Village Industries Association
84	1940	Launched limited, individual civil-disobedience campaign against Britain's refusal to allow Indians to express their opinions regarding World War II
85	1942	Met Sir Stafford Cripps in New Delhi but called his proposals "a post-dated cheque". Proposals were ultimately rejected by Congress
86	1942	Congress passed "Quit India" resolution - the final nation-wide satyagraha campaign - with Gandhi as leader
87	1942	Arrested with other Congress leaders and Kasturba and imprisoned at Aga Khan Palace near Poona
88	1943	Began 21-day fast at Aga Khan Palace to end deadlock of negotiations between Viceroy and Indian leaders
89	1944	After decline in health, was released unconditionally from detention
90	1946	Conferred with British Cabinet Mission in New Delhi
91	1946	Toured villages in East Bengal to quell communal rioting over Muslim representation in provisional government
92	1947	Toured Bihar to ease Hindu-Muslim tension
93	1947	Began conferences in New Delhi with Lord Mountbatten
94	1947	Opposed Congress decision to accept division of country into India and Pakistan
95	1947	Fasted and prayed to combat riots in Calcutta as India was partitioned and granted independence
96	1947	Fasted for three days to stop communal violence in Calcutta
97	1947	Visited Delhi to stop rioting and to visit camps of refugees (Hindus and Sikhs from the Punjab)
98	1948	Fasted for five days in Delhi for communal unity
99	1948	Bomb exploded in midst of his prayer meeting at Birla House, Delhi
100	1948	Assassinated in 78th year at Birla House by Nathuram Vinayak Godse