Geography of India is awesome and is reflected in its enriching diversity . From sombre snow-capped mountain ranges to turbulent seas, from sun-drenched deserts to dense rain forests, from tranquil hill stations to picturesque valleys, the geography of India has it all. The mainland of India extends between 8º 4' N and 37º 6' North Latitudes and 68º 7' and 97º 25 'East Longitudes. Having an impressive 7000 km long coastline, India can be a beach-hopper's dream come true. India - the seventh largest country in the world- is spread across an area of approximately 3.28 million sq km, with a population of approximately 112 crores. Out of this total area, the total land area of this country is 2,973,190 square kilometers. India is comprised of 28 states, and seven federally administered union territories.
India geography(Major Geo Features):
Geographically, India occupies a central position in South Asia. Sharing its borders with Pakistan (in the north-west), China, Bhutan and Nepal(in the north), Myanmar and Bangladesh(in the east), the geography of India extends from the snow-clad Himalayas in the north to the blue waters of the Indian Ocean in the south, and from the Thar desert sands of Rajasthan in the west, to the dense forests of Arunachal Pradesh in the east.
The fertile Indo-Gangetic Plains runs through most of the northern, central and eastern India, while most of the south India is covered by the Deccan Plateau. Here it deserves a mention that the Indo-Gangetic Plains are large floodplains of the Indus and the Ganga-Brahmaputra river systems. They run parallel to the Himalayan mountain ranges, extending from the Jammu and Kashmir in the north-west to Assam in the east. Some of the major rivers like Ganga and Indus are a part of Geography of India. The Geography of India extends from the Deccan Plateau and is a part of the Central Highlands, which comprises, besides Deccan Plateau(in the south), Malwa Plateau(in the west), and Chota Nagpur Plateau(in the east). Deccan Plateau is by and large a flat plateau covering 1.9 million sq km, with elevations ranging from 300 to 600 m. It is bounded by the Vindhyas range to the north and flanked by the Eastern and Western Ghats.
Besides Indo-Gangetic Plain and Deccan Plateau, the other two chief terrains of geography of India are the deserts in the west and the Himalayas guarding the northern boundaries. The south-west of India is rinsed by the Arabian Sea, whereas in the south-east of India there is the Bay of Bengal. Kanchenjunga peak(8598m) is the highest point in the undisputed Indian territory, whereas Indian Ocean(0m) is the lowest point in India. Indira Point in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is the southernmost part of India.
Geography of India has many rivers and river systems, which are the major sources of country's irrigation and electricity. Some of the major rivers of India are Ganga, Yamuna, Narmada, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri and Mahanadi. Besides these, the mighty Brahmaputra and Indus rivers also flow through India. Ganga, Brahmaputra and Indus originate from Himalayas, and these rivers are perennial as they get water from the rainfall as well as the melting of ice. Narmada, Godavari, Krishna, Mahanadi and Kaveri are known as peninsular rivers, as they originate in peninsular India. A large number of peninsular rivers forms a prominent part of Geography of India and are seasonal as their flow is dependent on rainfall.
Some of the important natural resources found in the geography of India are coal, manganese, mica, iron ore, bauxite, Titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum and limestone, whose production and export propels the country's economic growth. India has the fourth largest coal reserves in the world. Another important reservoir of natural resources in the geography of India are the forests. However, according to 2003 estimates, only 6,78,333 sq km of the area of India is under forest cover, which comprises 20.63 percentage of the country's total area. Efforts are on to preserve and enhance our forest cover.
On an average, as per the Geography of India the climate oscillates from tropical monsoon in South to temperate in north, but there are many points of extreme weather. One can say that all seasons leave their intensity on the Indian soil. From sultry Chennai, where one doesn't need a sweater even in January, to perennially chilling Leh... from wet Cherrapunji (Meghalaya) to dry Jaisalmer, Geography of India offers a wide variety of climatic patterns. Overall, India, due to its vast size, does not fit into any one climatic zone. Geography of India can be divided mainly into four climatic zones namely Alpine, Subtropical, Tropical and Arid. However, though divided into different climatic zones, India seems to be unified by primarily four seasons, that is winter, summer, advancing monsoon and retreating monsoon.
In terms of climate, the geography of India, with the exception of Tamil Nadu, shows a fairly set pattern. Most of India experiences winter during December to February, whereas March-June are its summer months. Months of June, July, August and September form the core of advancing monsoon in almost all parts of the country. The monsoon approaches with moisture laden winds; this sudden approach is marked with violent thunderstorms and lightening, known as the 'break' of the monsoon. In the Geography of India, the season of retreating monsoon starts, when after drenching all of India, monsoon winds begin to retreat. With the month of September, the rainfall begins to decrease and with the approach of November, the monsoon dwindles from major parts of India, except for Tamil Nadu and some other southern states, which also receive rain from western disturbances.
India geography(Major Geo Features):
Geographically, India occupies a central position in South Asia. Sharing its borders with Pakistan (in the north-west), China, Bhutan and Nepal(in the north), Myanmar and Bangladesh(in the east), the geography of India extends from the snow-clad Himalayas in the north to the blue waters of the Indian Ocean in the south, and from the Thar desert sands of Rajasthan in the west, to the dense forests of Arunachal Pradesh in the east.
The fertile Indo-Gangetic Plains runs through most of the northern, central and eastern India, while most of the south India is covered by the Deccan Plateau. Here it deserves a mention that the Indo-Gangetic Plains are large floodplains of the Indus and the Ganga-Brahmaputra river systems. They run parallel to the Himalayan mountain ranges, extending from the Jammu and Kashmir in the north-west to Assam in the east. Some of the major rivers like Ganga and Indus are a part of Geography of India. The Geography of India extends from the Deccan Plateau and is a part of the Central Highlands, which comprises, besides Deccan Plateau(in the south), Malwa Plateau(in the west), and Chota Nagpur Plateau(in the east). Deccan Plateau is by and large a flat plateau covering 1.9 million sq km, with elevations ranging from 300 to 600 m. It is bounded by the Vindhyas range to the north and flanked by the Eastern and Western Ghats.
Besides Indo-Gangetic Plain and Deccan Plateau, the other two chief terrains of geography of India are the deserts in the west and the Himalayas guarding the northern boundaries. The south-west of India is rinsed by the Arabian Sea, whereas in the south-east of India there is the Bay of Bengal. Kanchenjunga peak(8598m) is the highest point in the undisputed Indian territory, whereas Indian Ocean(0m) is the lowest point in India. Indira Point in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is the southernmost part of India.
Geography of India has many rivers and river systems, which are the major sources of country's irrigation and electricity. Some of the major rivers of India are Ganga, Yamuna, Narmada, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri and Mahanadi. Besides these, the mighty Brahmaputra and Indus rivers also flow through India. Ganga, Brahmaputra and Indus originate from Himalayas, and these rivers are perennial as they get water from the rainfall as well as the melting of ice. Narmada, Godavari, Krishna, Mahanadi and Kaveri are known as peninsular rivers, as they originate in peninsular India. A large number of peninsular rivers forms a prominent part of Geography of India and are seasonal as their flow is dependent on rainfall.
Some of the important natural resources found in the geography of India are coal, manganese, mica, iron ore, bauxite, Titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum and limestone, whose production and export propels the country's economic growth. India has the fourth largest coal reserves in the world. Another important reservoir of natural resources in the geography of India are the forests. However, according to 2003 estimates, only 6,78,333 sq km of the area of India is under forest cover, which comprises 20.63 percentage of the country's total area. Efforts are on to preserve and enhance our forest cover.
Indian Climate
On an average, as per the Geography of India the climate oscillates from tropical monsoon in South to temperate in north, but there are many points of extreme weather. One can say that all seasons leave their intensity on the Indian soil. From sultry Chennai, where one doesn't need a sweater even in January, to perennially chilling Leh... from wet Cherrapunji (Meghalaya) to dry Jaisalmer, Geography of India offers a wide variety of climatic patterns. Overall, India, due to its vast size, does not fit into any one climatic zone. Geography of India can be divided mainly into four climatic zones namely Alpine, Subtropical, Tropical and Arid. However, though divided into different climatic zones, India seems to be unified by primarily four seasons, that is winter, summer, advancing monsoon and retreating monsoon.
In terms of climate, the geography of India, with the exception of Tamil Nadu, shows a fairly set pattern. Most of India experiences winter during December to February, whereas March-June are its summer months. Months of June, July, August and September form the core of advancing monsoon in almost all parts of the country. The monsoon approaches with moisture laden winds; this sudden approach is marked with violent thunderstorms and lightening, known as the 'break' of the monsoon. In the Geography of India, the season of retreating monsoon starts, when after drenching all of India, monsoon winds begin to retreat. With the month of September, the rainfall begins to decrease and with the approach of November, the monsoon dwindles from major parts of India, except for Tamil Nadu and some other southern states, which also receive rain from western disturbances.
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